This project presents analytical and numerical approaches to model anisotropic behaviours of sheet metals during manufacturing processes by focusing on bending. Phenomenological models were developed based on the fundamentals of continuum plasticity. The developed models were applied to capture initial asymmetry during plastic deformation of popular steels in manufacturing processes.

Moreover, novel models were developed to capture unique twining/untwining behaviours of HCP metals subject to monotonic and cyclic loadings.

The predictability and reproducibility of the proposed models were validated by case studies under different loadings, including cyclic loading, pure bending, bending under tension, and bending/unbending.